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Noonan Syndrome via the RASA2 Gene

Summary and Pricing

Test Method

Sequencing and CNV Detection via NextGen Sequencing using PG-Select Capture Probes
Test Code Test Copy GenesTest CPT Code Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Codes Base Price
RASA2 81479 81479,81479 $990
Test Code Test Copy Genes Test CPT Code Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Code Base Price
10639RASA281479 81479,81479 $990 Order Options and Pricing

Pricing Comments

Testing run on PG-select capture probes includes CNV analysis for the gene(s) on the panel but does not permit the optional add on of exome-wide CNV analysis. Any of the NGS platforms allow reflex to other clinically relevant genes, up to whole exome or whole genome sequencing depending upon the base platform selected for the initial test.

An additional 25% charge will be applied to STAT orders. STAT orders are prioritized throughout the testing process.

This test is also offered via a custom panel (click here) on our exome or genome backbone which permits the optional add on of exome-wide CNV or genome-wide SV analysis.

Turnaround Time

3 weeks on average for standard orders or 2 weeks on average for STAT orders.

Please note: Once the testing process begins, an Estimated Report Date (ERD) range will be displayed in the portal. This is the most accurate prediction of when your report will be complete and may differ from the average TAT published on our website. About 85% of our tests will be reported within or before the ERD range. We will notify you of significant delays or holds which will impact the ERD. Learn more about turnaround times here.

Targeted Testing

For ordering sequencing of targeted known variants, go to our Targeted Variants page.

EMAIL CONTACTS

Genetic Counselors

Geneticist

  • Brett Deml, PhD

Clinical Features and Genetics

Clinical Features

Noonan Syndrome (NS) is characterized by dysmorphic facial features, growth and congenital heart defects, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Cardiac abnormalities are found in up to 80% of patients and include pulmonary valve stenosis, atrial septal defect, atrioventricular canal defect, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Musculoskeletal abnormalities include short stature, chest deformity with sunken or raised sternum, and short webbed neck. Several additional abnormalities have been described and include renal, genital, hematological, neurologic, cognitive, behavioral, gastrointestinal, dental, and lymphatic findings. Intelligence is usually normal; however, learning disabilities may be present. NS is characterized by extensive clinical heterogeneity, even among members of the same family. Diagnosis is often made in infancy or early childhood. Symptoms often change and lessen with advancing age. Infants with NS are at risk of developing juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). The prevalence of NS is estimated at 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 2,500 births worldwide (Allanson. 1987. PubMed ID: 3543368; Romano et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20876176; Smpokou et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 23165751; Cao et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28643916).

Clinical features of Noonan syndrome overlap with those of Cardio-Facio-Cutaneous Syndrome (Gripp et al. 2007. PubMed ID: 17551924; Rauen 2016. PubMed ID: 20301365), and Costello Syndrome (Gripp and Lin. 2012. PubMed ID: 20301680).

Genetics

Noonan and Noonan-like syndromes are caused by pathogenic variants in PTPN11, SOS1, RAF1, KRAS, SHOC2, BRAF, NRAS, CBL, KAT6B, RIT1, SOS2, LZTR1, A2ML1, MAP3K8, SPRY1, NF1, RRAS, and RASA2 (Human Gene Mutation Database).

Pathogenic variants in the RASA2 gene have been identified in patients diagnosed clinically with Noonan syndrome. Clinical features include short stature, typical facies, developmental delay, and cardiovascular abnormalities in the form of pulmonary valve stenosis, dysplastic pulmonary valve, atrial septal defect, branch pulmonary artery stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus, and dilated main pulmonary artery (Chen et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 25049390).

To date, three loss-of function missense variants affecting two residues in the RASA2 gene have been reported in three sporadic cases. It is, however, not clear if the variants were de novo because the parents were not available for testing. Evidence for pathogenicity include: (1) localization of the identified variants in highly conserved amino acids in the GAP domain of the protein; and (2) increased ERK activation as a result of decreased RASA2 levels in cells expressing the mutant proteins (Chen et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 25049390). In addition, recurrent inactivating RASA2 variants have been implicated in several cancers (Arafeh et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 26502337).

The RASA2 gene encodes RAS p21 protein activator 2, a member of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. It is involved in the control of cellular proliferation and differentiation (Li et al. 1996. PubMed ID: 8812506).

Clinical Sensitivity - Sequencing with CNV PG-Select

Pathogenic variants in the RASA2 gene appear to be a rare cause of Noonan syndrome. They have been identified in 3 individuals from a cohort of 27 patients diagnosed clinically with Noonan syndrome, with no pathogenic variants in the known Noonan syndrome genes (Chen et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 25049390).

Testing Strategy

This test provides full coverage of all coding exons of the RASA2 gene, plus ~10 bases of flanking noncoding DNA. We define full coverage as >20X NGS reads or Sanger sequencing.

Indications for Test

Candidates for this test are patients with clinical features within the Noonan spectrum disorders.

Gene

Official Gene Symbol OMIM ID
RASA2 601589
Inheritance Abbreviation
Autosomal Dominant AD
Autosomal Recessive AR
X-Linked XL
Mitochondrial MT

Disease

Name Inheritance OMIM ID

Citations

  • Allanson. 1987. PubMed ID: 3543368
  • Arafeh et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 26502337
  • Cao et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28643916
  • Chen et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 25049390
  • Gripp and Lin. 2012 PubMed ID: 20301680
  • Gripp et al. 2007. PubMed ID: 17551924
  • Human Gene Mutation Database (Bio-base).
  • Li et al. 1996. PubMed ID: 8812506
  • Rauen. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301365
  • Romano et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20876176
  • Smpokou et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 23165751

Ordering/Specimens

Ordering Options

We offer several options when ordering sequencing tests. For more information on these options, see our Ordering Instructions page. To view available options, click on the Order Options button within the test description.

myPrevent - Online Ordering

  • The test can be added to your online orders in the Summary and Pricing section.
  • Once the test has been added log in to myPrevent to fill out an online requisition form.
  • PGnome sequencing panels can be ordered via the myPrevent portal only at this time.

Requisition Form

  • A completed requisition form must accompany all specimens.
  • Billing information along with specimen and shipping instructions are within the requisition form.
  • All testing must be ordered by a qualified healthcare provider.

For Requisition Forms, visit our Forms page

If ordering a Duo or Trio test, the proband and all comparator samples are required to initiate testing. If we do not receive all required samples for the test ordered within 21 days, we will convert the order to the most effective testing strategy with the samples available. Prior authorization and/or billing in place may be impacted by a change in test code.


Specimen Types

Specimen Requirements and Shipping Details

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ORDER OPTIONS

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View Ordering Instructions

1) Select Test Method (Platform)


1) Select Test Type


2) Select Additional Test Options

No Additional Test Options are available for this test.

Note: acceptable specimen types are whole blood and DNA from whole blood only.
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