Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein Deficiency and Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Panel
Summary and Pricing
Test Method
Exome Sequencing with CNV DetectionTest Code | Test Copy Genes | Panel CPT Code | Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Code | Base Price | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10635 | Genes x (2) | 81479 | 81406(x2), 81479(x2) | $990 | Order Options and Pricing |
An additional 25% charge will be applied to STAT orders. STAT orders are prioritized throughout the testing process.
Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGxome (if original test is on PGxome Sequencing platform).
Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGnome (if original test is on PGnome Sequencing platform).
Turnaround Time
3 weeks on average for standard orders or 2 weeks on average for STAT orders.
Please note: Once the testing process begins, an Estimated Report Date (ERD) range will be displayed in the portal. This is the most accurate prediction of when your report will be complete and may differ from the average TAT published on our website. About 85% of our tests will be reported within or before the ERD range. We will notify you of significant delays or holds which will impact the ERD. Learn more about turnaround times here.
Targeted Testing
For ordering sequencing of targeted known variants, go to our Targeted Variants page.
Clinical Features and Genetics
Clinical Features
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency is a rare disorder of long-chain fatty acid oxidation. MTP deficiency can be classified into two biochemical phenotypes: general (complete) MTP deficiency, which results in reduced activity from all three enzymes of the MTP complex, and isolated long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency. Of the two disorders, LCHAD deficiency is more common, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 75,000 and 1 in 100,000 in the American and European populations, respectively (Shahrokhi et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28112527). Except for differences in enzymatic activities, however, LCHAD and general MTP deficiencies are clinically indistinguishable (Boutron et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21549624).
MTP deficiency may be categorized into three types depending on onset and severity of disease: lethal type (neonatal-onset), intermediate/hepatic type (infantile-onset), and neuromyopathic type (adult-onset) (Spiekerkoetter et al. 2004. PubMed ID: 14630990; Boutron et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21549624). Neonatal-onset is generally characterized by severe cardiomyopathy, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, and neonatal death. During infantile-onset, patients initially present during a period of prolonged fasting or illness, and symptoms may include feeding difficulties, breathing difficulties, lethargy, hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hypotonia, lactic academia, hepatopathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy, and coma (Karall et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25888220; Shahrokhi et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28112527). In adolescents and adults, hypotonia, rhabdomyolysis, and peripheral neuropathy are more common clinical symptoms of this disease. Regardless of age, all affected individuals show increased levels of long-chain 3-OH-acylcarnitines upon blood acylcarnitine (AC) analysis.
Genetics
Both MTP and LCHAD deficiencies are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
The mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that consists of four α-subunits with LCEH (long-chain 2,3-enoyl-CoA hydratase) and LCHAD (long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase) activities, and four β-subunits that have LCKT (long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase) activity (Uchida et al. 1992. PubMed ID: 1730633). These enzymes catalyze the three final steps of the β-oxidation cycle of long-chain fatty acids. Two nuclear genes, HADHA and HADHB, encode the α and β subunits of the MTP complex, respectively (Boutron et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21549624).
Defects in HADHA or HADHB can result in general MTP deficiency, a condition where all three enzyme activities of the MTP complex are significantly reduced (Boutron et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21549624; Shahrokhi et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28112527). One particular HADHA missense variant (p.Glu510Gln) may result in an isolated LCHAD deficiency, leaving the remaining two enzymes unaffected.
Approximately 60 causative variants have been reported in the HADHA gene to date, while approximately 50 have been reported in the HADHB gene (Human Gene Mutation Database). The majority of these variants are missense, but splicing and nonsense variants have also been described, as well as a number of small deletions and insertions/duplications. Two gross deletions in HADHA have been reported, in addition to three gross deletions in HADHB.
The most common pathogenic variant in HADHA is p.Glu510Gln (also known as p.Glu474Gln), which accounted for 54/90 pathogenic alleles (60%) in one study (Boutron et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21549624). This variant, located in the LCHAD catalytic domain, appears to affect only LCHAD function and results in isolated LCHAD deficiency when present in the homozygous state.
Clinical Sensitivity - Sequencing with CNV PGxome
Clinical sensitivity for this test is expected to be very high for patients with a biochemical diagnosis of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency or mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) deficiency. In a cohort of 52 patients with biochemically-diagnosed MTP deficiency, Boutron and colleagues identified causative variants in 52 (100%) patients; 45 (~86.5%) had homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in HADHA, while the remaining 7 (13.5%) patients carried homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in HADHB (Boutron et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21549624).
Testing Strategy
This test is performed using Next-Gen sequencing with additional Sanger sequencing as necessary.
This panel provides 100% coverage of all coding exons of the genes plus 10 bases of flanking noncoding DNA in all available transcripts along with other non-coding regions in which pathogenic variants have been identified at PreventionGenetics or reported elsewhere. We define coverage as ≥20X NGS reads or Sanger sequencing. PGnome panels typically provide slightly increased coverage over the PGxome equivalent. PGnome sequencing panels have the added benefit of additional analysis and reporting of deep intronic regions (where applicable).
Dependent on the sequencing backbone selected for this testing, discounted reflex testing to any other similar backbone-based test is available (i.e., PGxome panel to whole PGxome; PGnome panel to whole PGnome).
Indications for Test
HADHA and HADHB sequencing could be considered for patients who present with symptoms consistent with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency or for individuals with a family history of this disorder.
HADHA and HADHB sequencing could be considered for patients who present with symptoms consistent with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency or for individuals with a family history of this disorder.
Genes
Official Gene Symbol | OMIM ID |
---|---|
HADHA | 600890 |
HADHB | 143450 |
Inheritance | Abbreviation |
---|---|
Autosomal Dominant | AD |
Autosomal Recessive | AR |
X-Linked | XL |
Mitochondrial | MT |
Diseases
Name | Inheritance | OMIM ID |
---|---|---|
Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | AR | 609016 |
Trifunctional Protein Deficiency | AR | 609015 |
Related Test
Name |
---|
PGxome® |
Citations
Ordering/Specimens
Ordering Options
We offer several options when ordering sequencing tests. For more information on these options, see our Ordering Instructions page. To view available options, click on the Order Options button within the test description.
myPrevent - Online Ordering
- The test can be added to your online orders in the Summary and Pricing section.
- Once the test has been added log in to myPrevent to fill out an online requisition form.
- PGnome sequencing panels can be ordered via the myPrevent portal only at this time.
Requisition Form
- A completed requisition form must accompany all specimens.
- Billing information along with specimen and shipping instructions are within the requisition form.
- All testing must be ordered by a qualified healthcare provider.
For Requisition Forms, visit our Forms page
If ordering a Duo or Trio test, the proband and all comparator samples are required to initiate testing. If we do not receive all required samples for the test ordered within 21 days, we will convert the order to the most effective testing strategy with the samples available. Prior authorization and/or billing in place may be impacted by a change in test code.
Specimen Types
Specimen Requirements and Shipping Details
PGxome (Exome) Sequencing Panel
PGnome (Genome) Sequencing Panel
ORDER OPTIONS
View Ordering Instructions1) Select Test Type
2) Select Additional Test Options
No Additional Test Options are available for this test.