Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and Bone Marrow Failure via the RPS26 Gene
Summary and Pricing
Test Method
Exome Sequencing with CNV DetectionTest Code | Test Copy Genes | Test CPT Code | Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Code | Base Price | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
8855 | RPS26 | 81479 | 81479,81479 | $990 | Order Options and Pricing |
Pricing Comments
Our favored testing approach is exome based NextGen sequencing with CNV analysis. This will allow cost effective reflexing to PGxome or other exome based tests. However, if full gene Sanger sequencing is desired for STAT turnaround time, insurance, or other reasons, please see link below for Test Code, pricing, and turnaround time information.
An additional 25% charge will be applied to STAT orders. STAT orders are prioritized throughout the testing process.
Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGxome (if original test is on PGxome Sequencing platform).
Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGnome (if original test is on PGnome Sequencing platform).
The Sanger Sequencing method for this test is NY State approved.
For Sanger Sequencing click here.Turnaround Time
3 weeks on average for standard orders or 2 weeks on average for STAT orders.
Please note: Once the testing process begins, an Estimated Report Date (ERD) range will be displayed in the portal. This is the most accurate prediction of when your report will be complete and may differ from the average TAT published on our website. About 85% of our tests will be reported within or before the ERD range. We will notify you of significant delays or holds which will impact the ERD. Learn more about turnaround times here.
Targeted Testing
For ordering sequencing of targeted known variants, go to our Targeted Variants page.
Clinical Features and Genetics
Clinical Features
Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare, inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by macrocytic anemia, normal leukocyte and platelet numbers, and normocellular bone marrow (Freedman. 2000. PubMed ID: 11030041; Gazda and Sieff. 2006. PubMed ID: 16942586). Physical anomalies such as craniofacial dysmorphism, thumb and neck anomalies, congenital heart defects, and genitourinary tract defects are found in ~40% of patients. Growth retardation is observed in ~30% of patients (Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769). Onset of hematologic complications typically occurs in the first year of life. The severity of disease varies from mild anemia with no physical anomalies to severe anemia and severe physical anomalies. DBA is also associated with bone marrow failure and increased risk for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Genetics
DBA is an autosomal dominant or X-linked disorder caused by inactivating variants within ribosomal protein genes RPS19 (Gazda and Sieff. 2006. PubMed ID: 16942586), RPL5 (Gazda et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 19061985), RPL11 (Gazda et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 19061985), RPL35a (Farrar et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 18535205), RPS26 (Doherty et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20116044), RPS24 (Gazda et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 17186470), RPS17 (Gazda et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 19061985), RPS7 (Gazda et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 19061985), RPS10 (Doherty et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20116044), RPL26 (Gazda et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 22431104), RPS27 (Wang et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25424902), RPS29 (Mirabello et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 24829207), RPL31 (Farrar et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 25042156), RPS28 (Gripp et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 24942156), RPL15 (Landowski et al. 2013. PubMed ID: 23812780), RPL27 (Wang et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25424902), or by variants in the GATA1 (Sankaran et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 22706301) or TSR2 (Gripp et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 24942156) genes. Variants in the RPS19 gene are found in up to 25% of patients (Gazda and Sieff. 2006. PubMed ID: 16942586). Variants in the RPL5 (6.6%), RPS26 (6.4%), RPL11 (4.8%), RPL35A (3%), RPS10 (2.6%), RPS24 (2%), and RPS17 (1%) genes are the next most frequent causes of DBA with variants in all other associated genes accounting for a very small fraction of disease (Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769). Approximately 65% of DBA cases are found to have a pathogenic variant in one of the DBA genes (Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769). 55-60% of DBA cases result from de novo pathogenic variants (Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769) with the remainder of cases resulting from inheritance of a pathogenic variant from an affected parent.
DBA results from loss of protein function and haploinsufficiency. Pathogenic variants consist primarily of missense variants and nonsense or other protein truncating variants including frameshift deletions and insertions. Large, multi-exon or full gene deletions of several ribosomal protein genes, in particular RPS19, RPL5, RPL11, RPL35A, RPS26, RPS24, RPS17, and RPL15, have been reported in patients with DBA. Dysfunctional ribosomal proteins are likely to alter the stability and/or function of the ribosomal complex causing destruction of blood-forming cells in the bone marrow and consequent anemia.
RPS26 is required for a key pre-rRNA processing step in the production of the small ribosomal subunit; depletion of RPS26 was found to decrease levels of 18S rRNA (Doherty et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20116044). Pathogenic variants in RPS26 are estimated to account for 6.4% of DBA cases (Doherty et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20116044). Missense variants and splicing variants or small insertions/deletions resulting in frameshifts or affecting splice sites are the most frequent types of pathogenic variants reported for the RPS26 gene. Unlike some of the other ribosomal protein genes, large multi-exon or whole gene deletions of RPS26 have been reported in several DBA patients.
Other bone marrow failure syndromes such as Fanconi anemia, severe congenital neutropenia, dyskeratosis congenital, and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome should be considered in addition to DBA during diagnosis.
Clinical Sensitivity - Sequencing with CNV PGxome
Approximately 65% of Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) cases are found to have a pathogenic variant in one of the DBA genes (Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769). Variants in the RPS19 gene are found in up to 25% of patients (Gazda and Sieff. 2006. PubMed ID: 16942586). Variants in the RPL5 (6.6%), RPS26 (6.4%), RPL11 (4.8%), RPL35A (3%), RPS10 (2.6%), RPS24 (2%), and RPS17 (1%) genes are the next most frequent causes of DBA, with variants in all other associated genes accounting for a very small fraction of disease (Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769).
Testing Strategy
This test provides full coverage of all coding exons of the RPS26 gene plus 10 bases of flanking noncoding DNA in all available transcripts along with other non-coding regions in which pathogenic variants have been identified at PreventionGenetics or reported elsewhere. We define full coverage as >20X NGS reads or Sanger sequencing. PGnome panels typically provide slightly increased coverage over the PGxome equivalent. PGnome sequencing panels have the added benefit of additional analysis and reporting of deep intronic regions (where applicable).
Dependent on the sequencing backbone selected for this testing, discounted reflex testing to any other similar backbone-based test is available (i.e., PGxome panel to whole PGxome; PGnome panel to whole PGnome).
Indications for Test
Patients with symptoms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia or indication of bone marrow failure or MDS/AML are candidates for this test. Other candidates for this test include potential donors and patients with an indication of bone marrow failure and who have tested negative for other bone marrow failure disorders such as Fanconi anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, dyskeratoris congenita, and severe congenital neutropenia.
Patients with symptoms of Diamond-Blackfan anemia or indication of bone marrow failure or MDS/AML are candidates for this test. Other candidates for this test include potential donors and patients with an indication of bone marrow failure and who have tested negative for other bone marrow failure disorders such as Fanconi anemia, Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, dyskeratoris congenita, and severe congenital neutropenia.
Gene
Official Gene Symbol | OMIM ID |
---|---|
RPS26 | 603701 |
Inheritance | Abbreviation |
---|---|
Autosomal Dominant | AD |
Autosomal Recessive | AR |
X-Linked | XL |
Mitochondrial | MT |
Disease
Name | Inheritance | OMIM ID |
---|---|---|
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia 10 | AD | 613309 |
Related Tests
Name |
---|
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and Bone Marrow Failure via the RPS17 Gene |
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia and Bone Marrow Failure via the RPS19 Gene |
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia Panel |
Citations
- Clinton and Gazda. 2016. PubMed ID: 20301769
- Doherty et al. 2010. PubMed ID: 20116044
- Farrar et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 18535205
- Farrar et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 25042156
- Freedman. 2000. PubMed ID: 11030041
- Gazda and Sieff. 2006. PubMed ID: 16942586
- Gazda et al. 2006. PubMed ID: 17186470
- Gazda et al. 2008. PubMed ID: 19061985
- Gazda et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 22431104
- Gripp et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 24942156
- Landowski et al. 2013. PubMed ID: 23812780
- Mirabello et al. 2014. PubMed ID: 24829207
- Sankaran et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 22706301
- Wang et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25424902
Ordering/Specimens
Ordering Options
We offer several options when ordering sequencing tests. For more information on these options, see our Ordering Instructions page. To view available options, click on the Order Options button within the test description.
myPrevent - Online Ordering
- The test can be added to your online orders in the Summary and Pricing section.
- Once the test has been added log in to myPrevent to fill out an online requisition form.
- PGnome sequencing panels can be ordered via the myPrevent portal only at this time.
Requisition Form
- A completed requisition form must accompany all specimens.
- Billing information along with specimen and shipping instructions are within the requisition form.
- All testing must be ordered by a qualified healthcare provider.
For Requisition Forms, visit our Forms page
If ordering a Duo or Trio test, the proband and all comparator samples are required to initiate testing. If we do not receive all required samples for the test ordered within 21 days, we will convert the order to the most effective testing strategy with the samples available. Prior authorization and/or billing in place may be impacted by a change in test code.
Specimen Types
Specimen Requirements and Shipping Details
PGxome (Exome) Sequencing Panel
PGnome (Genome) Sequencing Panel
ORDER OPTIONS
View Ordering Instructions1) Select Test Type
2) Select Additional Test Options
No Additional Test Options are available for this test.