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Chudley-Mccullough Syndrome (CMCS) and Deafness, Autosomal Recessive 82 (DFNB82) via the GPSM2 Gene

Summary and Pricing

Test Method

Exome Sequencing with CNV Detection
Test Code Test Copy GenesTest CPT Code Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Codes Base Price
GPSM2 81479 81479,81479 $990
Test Code Test Copy Genes Test CPT Code Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Code Base Price
11365GPSM281479 81479,81479 $990 Order Options and Pricing

Pricing Comments

Our favored testing approach is exome based NextGen sequencing with CNV analysis. This will allow cost effective reflexing to PGxome or other exome based tests. However, if full gene Sanger sequencing is desired for STAT turnaround time, insurance, or other reasons, please see link below for Test Code, pricing, and turnaround time information.

An additional 25% charge will be applied to STAT orders. STAT orders are prioritized throughout the testing process.

Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGxome (if original test is on PGxome Sequencing platform).

Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGnome (if original test is on PGnome Sequencing platform).

The Sanger Sequencing method for this test is NY State approved.

For Sanger Sequencing click here.

Turnaround Time

3 weeks on average for standard orders or 2 weeks on average for STAT orders.

Please note: Once the testing process begins, an Estimated Report Date (ERD) range will be displayed in the portal. This is the most accurate prediction of when your report will be complete and may differ from the average TAT published on our website. About 85% of our tests will be reported within or before the ERD range. We will notify you of significant delays or holds which will impact the ERD. Learn more about turnaround times here.

Targeted Testing

For ordering sequencing of targeted known variants, go to our Targeted Variants page.

EMAIL CONTACTS

Genetic Counselors

Geneticist

  • Ben Dorshorst, PhD

Clinical Features and Genetics

Clinical Features

Chudley-McCullough syndrome (CMCS) is a neurologic disorder involving early-onset profound sensorineural hearing loss and in some patients, hydrocephalus. Additional brain malformations can be detected by MRI including partial agenesis of the corpus callosum, frontal polymicrogyria, gray matter heterotopia, cerebellar dysplasia, and arachnoid cysts (Doherty et al. 2012). Intellectual disability, seizures, abnormal psychomotor skills and dysmorphic features are uncommon features. Hearing loss may be congenital or rapidly progressive in infancy. Due to the absence of visible clinical features, this hearing loss disorder was originally classified as a nonsyndromic hearing loss, autosomal recessive deafness 82 (DFNB82). However, closer examination of DFNB82 individuals revealed brain abnormalities consistent with a diagnosis of CMCS (Doherty et al. 2012).

Genetics

CMCS is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the G-protein signaling modulator 2 (GPSM2) gene, which has been localized on chromosomal region 1p13.3 and contains 14 exons. Known causative variants for CMCS consist of six different nucleotide substitutions or single base pair deletions that all result in either nonsense, frameshift, or splicing variants. Two of these CMCS causative variants in GPSM2 were described in consanguineous Palestinian (Walsh et al. 2010) and Turkish families (Yariz et al. 2012) that were originally reported to have DFNB82. MRI scans revealed abnormalities consistent with CMCS in patients from both families (Doherty et al. 2012). Three of these CMCS causative variants in GPSM2 were described in either Mennonite individuals or individuals with Dutch or European ancestry (Doherty et al. 2012). The last of these six known CMCS causative variants in GPSM2 is a nucleotide substitution that disrupts the donor splice site of exon 9 and was found in a Mexican American family (Doherty et al. 2012). The GPSM2 protein is involved with modulating the activity of G-proteins, which transduce extracellular signals sensed by cell surface receptors into integrated cellular responses (Blumer et al. 2002). The GPSM2 protein (also called LGN due to 10 leu-gly-asn repeats) is expressed in a wide variety of tissues in the rat (Blumer et al. 2002). In the mouse, GPSM2 is expressed in the inner ear during embryonic development, and is localized to apical surfaces of hair cells and supporting cells (Walsh et al. 2010). The GPSM2 protein is thought to be involved in maintenance of cell polarity and spindle orientation in asymmetric cell division, but the exact function of this protein remains unknown.

Clinical Sensitivity - Sequencing with CNV PGxome

In one study, all patients diagnosed with CMCS by brain imaging (n=12) were found to be homozygous for nonsense variants in GPSM2 (Doherty et al. 2012). In individuals with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss that have not received a diagnosis of CMCS by brain imaging the clinical sensitivity of this test is difficult to predict because only a small number of patients have been reported. Analytical sensitivity should be high because all reported variants are detectable by sequencing.

Testing Strategy

This test provides full coverage of all coding exons of the GPSM2 gene plus 10 bases of flanking noncoding DNA in all available transcripts along with other non-coding regions in which pathogenic variants have been identified at PreventionGenetics or reported elsewhere. We define full coverage as >20X NGS reads or Sanger sequencing. PGnome panels typically provide slightly increased coverage over the PGxome equivalent. PGnome sequencing panels have the added benefit of additional analysis and reporting of deep intronic regions (where applicable).

Dependent on the sequencing backbone selected for this testing, discounted reflex testing to any other similar backbone-based test is available (i.e., PGxome panel to whole PGxome; PGnome panel to whole PGnome).

Indications for Test

Chudley-McCullough syndrome is suspected in individuals with 1) profound sensorineural hearing loss and features consistent with CMCS after brain imaging, 2) congenital or early onset mild to profound sensorineural hearing loss without brain imaging and/or 3) a family history of nonsyndromic hearing loss consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. This test may also be considered for the reproductive partners of individuals who carry pathogenic variants in GPSM2.

Gene

Official Gene Symbol OMIM ID
GPSM2 609245
Inheritance Abbreviation
Autosomal Dominant AD
Autosomal Recessive AR
X-Linked XL
Mitochondrial MT

Disease

Name Inheritance OMIM ID
Chudley-McCullough syndrome AR 604213

Citations

  • Blumer J.B. et al. 2002. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277: 15897-903. PubMed ID: 11832491
  • Doherty D. et al. 2012. American Journal of Human Genetics. 90: 1088-93. PubMed ID: 22578326
  • Walsh T. et al. 2010. American Journal of Human Genetics. 87: 90-4. PubMed ID: 20602914
  • Yariz K.O. et al. 2012. Clinical Genetics. 81: 289-93. PubMed ID: 21348867

Ordering/Specimens

Ordering Options

We offer several options when ordering sequencing tests. For more information on these options, see our Ordering Instructions page. To view available options, click on the Order Options button within the test description.

myPrevent - Online Ordering

  • The test can be added to your online orders in the Summary and Pricing section.
  • Once the test has been added log in to myPrevent to fill out an online requisition form.
  • PGnome sequencing panels can be ordered via the myPrevent portal only at this time.

Requisition Form

  • A completed requisition form must accompany all specimens.
  • Billing information along with specimen and shipping instructions are within the requisition form.
  • All testing must be ordered by a qualified healthcare provider.

For Requisition Forms, visit our Forms page

If ordering a Duo or Trio test, the proband and all comparator samples are required to initiate testing. If we do not receive all required samples for the test ordered within 21 days, we will convert the order to the most effective testing strategy with the samples available. Prior authorization and/or billing in place may be impacted by a change in test code.


Specimen Types

Specimen Requirements and Shipping Details

PGxome (Exome) Sequencing Panel

PGnome (Genome) Sequencing Panel

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ORDER OPTIONS

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View Ordering Instructions

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2) Select Additional Test Options

No Additional Test Options are available for this test.

Note: acceptable specimen types are whole blood and DNA from whole blood only.
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