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Mitochondrial Complex IV Deficiency via the COA6 Gene

Summary and Pricing

Test Method

Exome Sequencing with CNV Detection
Test Code Test Copy GenesTest CPT Code Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Codes Base Price
COA6 81479 81479,81479 $990
Test Code Test Copy Genes Test CPT Code Gene CPT Codes Copy CPT Code Base Price
3471COA681479 81479,81479 $990 Order Options and Pricing

Pricing Comments

Our favored testing approach is exome based NextGen sequencing with CNV analysis. This will allow cost effective reflexing to PGxome or other exome based tests. However, if full gene Sanger sequencing is desired for STAT turnaround time, insurance, or other reasons, please see link below for Test Code, pricing, and turnaround time information.

An additional 25% charge will be applied to STAT orders. STAT orders are prioritized throughout the testing process.

Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGxome (if original test is on PGxome Sequencing platform).

Click here for costs to reflex to whole PGnome (if original test is on PGnome Sequencing platform).

The Sanger Sequencing method for this test is NY State approved.

For Sanger Sequencing click here.

Turnaround Time

3 weeks on average for standard orders or 2 weeks on average for STAT orders.

Please note: Once the testing process begins, an Estimated Report Date (ERD) range will be displayed in the portal. This is the most accurate prediction of when your report will be complete and may differ from the average TAT published on our website. About 85% of our tests will be reported within or before the ERD range. We will notify you of significant delays or holds which will impact the ERD. Learn more about turnaround times here.

Targeted Testing

For ordering sequencing of targeted known variants, go to our Targeted Variants page.

EMAIL CONTACTS

Genetic Counselors

Geneticist

  • Kym Bliven, PhD

Clinical Features and Genetics

Clinical Features

Mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) deficiency is characterized by a deficiency of the fourth oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Fassone and Rahman 2012). Primary mitochondrial CIV deficiency is estimated to account for approximately one-fifth of all OXPHOS disorders (Skladal et al. 2003; Scaglia et al. 2004).

The majority of CIV-deficient patients present with a severe, early-onset disease within the first year of life. Similar to other OXPHOS disorders, recurrent lactic acidosis is a prevalent finding in affected individuals. Patients may display significant heterogeneity in additional clinical features, which can include encephalopathy, hypertropic cardiomyopathy, hypotonia, epilepsy, microcephaly, dystonia, psychomotor delay or impairment, nystagmus, respiratory insufficiency, ataxia, muscle weakness, and/or CIV-deficient Leigh or Leigh-like syndrome (Pecina et al. 2004; Darin et al. 2003; Alfadhel et al. 2011). Leigh syndrome (LS) is a severe, progressive encephalopathy characterized by psychomotor delay or regression, isolated or combined mitochondrial complex deficiencies, elevated levels of lactate in the blood and/or cerebral spinal fluid, bilateral symmetrical lesions in the brainstem and basal ganglia, and neurologic manifestations such as hypotonia or ataxia (Rahman and Thorburn 2015; Lake et al. 2015).

Patients with defects in the CIV assembly factor COA6 present with a severe neonatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype (Baertling et al. 2015; Calvo et al. 2012).

Genetics

The cytochrome c oxidase enzyme, also referred to as mitochondrial complex IV (CIV) or COX, is the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Over 30 genes are involved in the structure, assembly, or function of this enzyme (Kadenbach and Hüttemann 2015). Primary mitochondrial CIV deficiency has been linked to pathogenic variants in approximately half of these genes to date. Three CIV subunits (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, and MT-CO3), which form the catalytic core of the enzyme, are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Pathogenic variants in MT-CO1, MT-CO2, and MT-CO3 are maternally inherited (Rak et al. 2016). Defects in the remaining nuclear-encoded genes, including COA6, exhibit an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.

The COA6 gene encodes a mitochondrial complex IV assembly factor that interacts with the metallochaperone SCO2 and functions in the copper relay system necessary for biogenesis of MT-CO2 (Ghosh et al. 2014; Pacheu-Grau et al. 2015). Patients with causative variants in SCO2 or COA6 appear to share a similar clinical phenotype. Only three pathogenic variants in the COA6 gene have been described to date, including two missense variants and one nonsense variant (Baertling et al. 2015; Calvo et al. 2012, reported as C1orf31).

Clinical Sensitivity - Sequencing with CNV PGxome

Due to the paucity of reported patients (<10), clinical sensitivity for COA6-related mitochondrial complex IV deficiency is difficult to estimate at this time (Baertling et al. 2015; Calvo et al. 2012). All reported pathogenic variants in this gene are detectable by sequencing.

Testing Strategy

This test provides full coverage of all coding exons of the COA6 gene plus 10 bases of flanking noncoding DNA in all available transcripts along with other non-coding regions in which pathogenic variants have been identified at PreventionGenetics or reported elsewhere. We define full coverage as >20X NGS reads or Sanger sequencing. PGnome panels typically provide slightly increased coverage over the PGxome equivalent. PGnome sequencing panels have the added benefit of additional analysis and reporting of deep intronic regions (where applicable).

Dependent on the sequencing backbone selected for this testing, discounted reflex testing to any other similar backbone-based test is available (i.e., PGxome panel to whole PGxome; PGnome panel to whole PGnome).

Indications for Test

Candidates for this test include patients with primary mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, or patients who present with a phenotype consistent with this disease. Targeted testing is also indicated for family members of patients who have known pathogenic variants in COA6. This test may also be considered for the reproductive partners of individuals who carry pathogenic variants in COA6.

Gene

Official Gene Symbol OMIM ID
COA6 614772
Inheritance Abbreviation
Autosomal Dominant AD
Autosomal Recessive AR
X-Linked XL
Mitochondrial MT

Citations

  • Alfadhel et al. 2011. PubMed ID: 21412973
  • Baertling F. et al. 2015. Human Mutation. 36:34-8. PubMed ID: 25339201
  • Calvo S.E. et al. 2012. Science Translational Medicine. 4:118ra10. PubMed ID: 22277967
  • Darin et al. 2003. PubMed ID: 14681757
  • Fassone and Rahman. 2012. PubMed ID: 22972949
  • Ghosh A. et al. 2014. Human Molecular Genetics. 23:3596-606. PubMed ID: 24549041
  • Kadenbach and Hüttemann. 2015. PubMed ID: 26190566
  • Lake et al. 2015. PubMed ID: 25978847
  • Pacheu-Grau D. et al. 2015. Cell Metabolism. 21:823-33. PubMed ID: 25959673
  • Pecina et al. 2004. PubMed ID: 15119951
  • Rahman and Thorburn. 2015. PubMed ID: 26425749
  • Rak et al. 2016. PubMed ID: 26846578
  • Scaglia et al. 2004. PubMed ID: 15466086
  • Skladal et al. 2003. PubMed ID: 12805096

Ordering/Specimens

Ordering Options

We offer several options when ordering sequencing tests. For more information on these options, see our Ordering Instructions page. To view available options, click on the Order Options button within the test description.

myPrevent - Online Ordering

  • The test can be added to your online orders in the Summary and Pricing section.
  • Once the test has been added log in to myPrevent to fill out an online requisition form.
  • PGnome sequencing panels can be ordered via the myPrevent portal only at this time.

Requisition Form

  • A completed requisition form must accompany all specimens.
  • Billing information along with specimen and shipping instructions are within the requisition form.
  • All testing must be ordered by a qualified healthcare provider.

For Requisition Forms, visit our Forms page

If ordering a Duo or Trio test, the proband and all comparator samples are required to initiate testing. If we do not receive all required samples for the test ordered within 21 days, we will convert the order to the most effective testing strategy with the samples available. Prior authorization and/or billing in place may be impacted by a change in test code.


Specimen Types

Specimen Requirements and Shipping Details

PGxome (Exome) Sequencing Panel

PGnome (Genome) Sequencing Panel

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ORDER OPTIONS

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2) Select Additional Test Options

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Note: acceptable specimen types are whole blood and DNA from whole blood only.
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